The winner is determined by comparison with 180-1/2, which is half the number of points on the board. If the total of one side's living stones and enclosed vacant points is larger than 180-1/2, then that side is the winner. If the total is less than 180-1/2, then that side loses. If the total is equal to 180-1/2, the game is a draw. Microsoft once offered its own tool called Windows to Go, which could generate a bootable Windows USB drive with the Enterprise and Education versions of Windows 10. However, the company has. Windows To Go is a built-in tool in some Windows such as Windows 10, 8 or 8.1 Enterprise Edition. It is able to deploy a corporate environment which will boot from a USB drive or other external drive. Upgraded to Windows 10 directory, but not clean install. The Windows.old folder at C: Windows.old has not been deleted. If you meet the requirements above, then you can go back to Windows 7/8.1 from Windows 10 directly and easily with a few simple steps. Step 1: Click on the Windows icon on the bottom-left corner, select 'Settings'.
The Chinese Rules of Go
From James Davies,The Rules of Go, in The Go Player's Almanac,
ed. Richard Bozulich, Ishi Press (San Jose, 1992)
Extracted, adapted, and edited by Fred Hansen
Under the traditional Chinese rules, a player's scorewas the maximum number of stones he could in theory play on the board. Since every groups needs two liberties to live, this rule createda two-point group tax: the player with the more separate groups losttwo points for evey excess group. (In practice, one point per excessgroup was subtracted from the player's score and added to his opponent'sscore so that the total remained 361. {This does not compute; it couldconvert a clear winner into a loser. Only by adding two points pergroup could the total be made 361. --wjh}) Modern Chinese rules avoidthis by counting both stones and surrounded points.
The following is the 1988 version of the official rules of the ChineseWeiqi Association. The English translation published in 1989 by ShuRong Chess & Bridge Press (9 Qinglong-Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)has been edited here for clarity. The term `liberty' is used insteadof the Chinese `breath' and the term `ko' is used instead of the Chineseterms `jie' and `tiger's mouth.' Chapters 4 and 5 and an appendix,which deals with the organization of tournaments are omitted.
James Davies
Chapter 1
General Rules
Section 1. Weiqi Equipment
1. The boardThe board is marked with 19 parallel vertical lines and 19 parallelhorizontal lines, mking 361 intersections (referred to below as `points'). Nine points on the board are dotted and called `star points'. The point in the center is also known as the `central star'. See Diagram 1.
Diagram 1.
2. The stones
Lens-shaped black and white stones are used. The number of stonesis preferrably 180 of each color.
Section 2. The Move
1. One of the players, called Black, takes the black stones, the otherplayer, called White, takes the white stones. Black makes the firstmove, then White, and so on in alternation until the end of the game. Only one stone can be played per move.2. Stones are played on points on the board.
3. After a stone is played, it cannot be moved to any other point.
4. Playing alternately is the right of both players, but either playermay pass.
Section 3. Liberties
A stone on the board has two to four vertically and horizontally adjacentintersections. Those which are unoccupied are called liberties.When a stone is placed vertically or horizontally adjacent to anotherstone of the same color, the stones are connected and form a singleunit, and their liberties are counted together.
When a stone is placed vertically or horizontally adjacent to anotherstone of the opposite color, it takes a liberty away from the otherstone. When all the liberties of a stone or group of stones have beentaken by the opposite side and no liberties are left, the stone(s)cannot remain on the board.
Section 4. Removal of stones
A stone or a group of stones without liberties is removed from theboard. There are two cases:- 1. When a stone is played so as to take the last remaining libertyof an opposing stone or group of stones, the opposing stone(s) areimmediately removed.
2. When a stone is played so as to leave stones or groups of stonesof both sides with no liberties, the opponent's stone(s) are removed.
Section 5. Forbidden points
A forbidden point is a point on the board which, if occupied by a player'sstone, would leave that stone without liberties, while failing to removeany opposing stones. A player cannot play on a forbidden point. InDiagram 2, the points marked with triangles are all forbidden to playsby Black.
Diagram 2. Forbidden points
Section 6. Reappearance of the same board position
Reappearance of the same board position is forbidden throughout thegame.Section 7. The end of the game
1. The game ends when both sides agree that there will be no more moves.2. A player may also resign during the game, in which case the gamealso ends.
Section 8. Living and dead stones
At the end of the game, stones which both players agree could inevitablybe captured are dead. Stones that cannot be captured are alive.Section 9. Determining the winner
At the end of the game, the winner is determined by counting stonesand points.The winner is determined by comparison with 180-1/2, which is halfthe number of points on the board. If the total of one side's livingstones and enclosed vacant points is larger than 180-1/2, then thatside is the winner. If the total is less than 180-1/2, then that sideloses. If the total is equal to 180-1/2, the game is a draw.
In games with compensation, the comparison is made with different numbers,according to separate rules.
Bits and Pieces of Other Sections
Chapter 2. Section 11. Compensation stones
In order to counteract Black' advantage of the first move, in nationalcompetition at present, 2-3/4 points are deducted from Black's scoreand added to White's in determining the result at the end of the game. {This is 5-1/2 points 'komi.' --wjh}Chapter 3. Section 17. Placing of stones
2. If a player removes a stone which he has just placed on the boardand places it on another point, he must replace it on the first point. The player also receives a warning from the referee.If a player accidentally drops the stone he was about to play, he maypick it up and place it on any point.
Chapter 3. Section 19. Forbidden points
If a stone is played on a forbidden point, the move is declared invalidand the player loses his turn.Chapter 3. Section 20. Reappearance of the same board position
1. In a ko fight, if a player recaptures on the next move, the moveis declared invalid and the player loses his turn.2. At the end of the game, in accordance with the principle which forbidsreappearance of the same board position, the `moonshine-life' positionis considered dead (e.g., the black stones in the lower left in Diagram3 are dead).
Diagram 3. Moonshine life
3. In rare situations such as triple ko, quadruple ko, eternal life,and round-robin ko, if neither side will yield, the referee may declarea draw or a replay. See Diagrams 4 to 7. {This is a clear conflictwith Section 6, forbidding the reappearance of the same board position.--wjh}
Diagram 4. Triple ko
Diagram 5. Four kos among three groups
Diagram 6. Eternal life
Diagram 7. Double-ko seki with double ko stones
4. According to the principle which forbids reappearance of the sameboard position, a player cannot refuse to end the game by reason ofthe position in Diagram 8 or any other similar positions.
Chapter 3. Section 21. The end of the game
1. The player whose turn it is to move may affirm {i.e., assert} theend of a game and pass. If the other player does not wish to end thegame, he may continue playing, in which case the player who passedautomatically regains the right to play. Play continues until bothsides agree that the game has ended.2. After both sides have agreed to end the game, if any unsettledpositions remain on the board, both sides' stones in these positionsare treated as alive.
3. Life and death of stones should be confirmed by both sides. Anydisagreements must be settled by further actual play. {This appearsto contradict the previous sentence. -- wjh}
by Linda Gregier
Another great language to add to your full-stack developer tool belt is the simple and productive general-purpose programming language of Go.
Through a project started in 2007, Go came to fruition through the efforts of some Google programmers. They took great care in Go’s design to make it clear and consistent in its language features and standard libraries, making Go easy and fun to use.
It’s open-source at it’s best…but don’t forget: it’s case-sensitive!
So let’s get started on the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system. You’ll see just how easy this really is — only a basic working knowledge of GitHub and the command prompt is required. Sure there are other ways of installing and running the program, but with limited coding background I felt this set of instructions was the easiest to understand and follow.
Be sure to follow these steps in their entirety as well as in the correct order (as listed) to save yourself from having to uninstall Go and spend a few hours troubleshooting any installation-related issues.
Phase 1: Install the following in this order
- As Go uses open-source (FREE!) repositories often, be sure to install the Git package here first.
- Navigate to the Go installation website here. Download and install the latest 64-bit Go set for Microsoft Windows OS.
- Follow the instructions on the Go installation program.
- Run the Command Prompt on your computer by searching for “cmd”. Open the command line and type: “go version”
- The output after entering go version should look like this:
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Phase 2: Creating your Go work-space
First, confirm your Go binaries: go to your computer’s Control Panel, then to System and Security > System > Advanced system settings, and on the left-hand pane click the Advanced tab. Then click on Environmental Variables on the bottom-right-hand side. Ensure Path under System Variables has the “C:Gobin” variable in it.
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Then create your Go work-space. This will be in a separate and new folder from where the Go installation files are saved. For example, your G installation files were saved under the path C:Go and you are creating your Go work-space under C:ProjectsGo
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In your new Go work-space folder, set up three new folders:
Phase 3: Create the GOPATH environment variable
Create the GOPATH variable and reference your newly-created Go work-space. Go back to your Control Panel and navigate to System and then Environmental Variables. Then under System Variables click on New.
Next to Variable Name, enter “GOPATH,” and next to Variable Value enter “C:ProjectsGo”
To check that your path has been set correctly, enter “echo %GOPATH%” on the command line.
Phase 4: Test and ensure
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Now you’re ready to verify that all is working correctly by opening the command line and typing: go get github.com/golang/example/hello
Wait for the code to be entirely implemented (this could take a few seconds), then enter in the following in the command line: %GOPATH%/bin/hello
If the installation was successful, you should get the following return message: “Hello, Go examples!”
I hope you are successful. And if you run into any errors or confusing messages, comment below with the results of this command line: “go env”
Inspiration for this article came from the following on-line resources which were very easy to understand and helpful when setting up Go on my Windows operating system:
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And now you’re ready to become a “Gopher”!